Home > Olympics Games > Is the Michael Phelps world-record gold rush down to skill or swimwear technology?
by Craig Hackney on 12 August 2008
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Only three and a bit days into the Olympic swimming programme and it’s becoming increasingly obvious that we are seeing a quantum leap in swimming performances. The problem is that it has little to do with the swimmers.
World records have been broken with staggering regularity and by no small margin, either. In the men’s 4x100 freestyle relay, records fell in the heats with only the “B” teams competing. Whereas a world record used to be a rare and remarkable thing, now it is a disappointment if one isn’t broken.
So far, there have been 11 world records broken at the Beijing Games and we're only just over a third of the way through the programme. In Athens, only six world records were broken in the entire programme. The records aren’t just being eclipsed, either. In the final of the men’s 4x100 freestyle relay, the pre-Olympics world record was beaten by four seconds and eclipsed by the first six teams in the final.
The reason for these seemingly brilliant performances has nothing to do with some remarkable training breakthrough or even performance-enhancing drugs. No, the improvement is all due to new technology swimsuits; the king of which is the Speedo LZR fast suit.
The science behind these suits is interesting. They were designed in conjunction with NASA and are reported to reduce drag by up to 5 per cent over the previous Fastskin suits and up to nearly 40 per cent improvement over a traditional lycra suit. Not only are the materials space-age, the actual cut of the suits is also designed to change the shape of the athlete's body, presumably squashing any sticky-out bits that cause extra drag. They even look fast.
Not that Speedo have it all their own way. Mizuno, TYR, Arena, and Asics have all released their versions of the new improved suits, but it is Speedo who have cornered the publicity.
There has been a bit of controversy surrounding the suits. Many, including Australia’s former Olympic champion Duncan Armstrong, believe that the suits contravene FINA’s swimwear regulations. The regulation states: “No swimmer shall be permitted to use or wear any device that may aid speed, buoyancy or endurance during a competition”. It’s hard to see how these suits aren’t in breach.
Others, like Munich Olympics superstar Mark Spitz, actually try to argue that the suits are slowing athletes down. According to Spitz, unless swimmers can reach 6 to 6.5mph the suits don’t work properly. While this may have been true for the first generation of Fastskin suits, the evidence suggests that he’s wrong for the LZR.
The suits are available to anyone who wants them, so it is not a case of individuals gaining an unfair advantage. The only real downside is the cheapening of world records. A world record should go to a truly remarkable athlete, swimmers like Spitz, Janet Evans, Ian Thorpe, Inge de Bruijn or Phelps.
The suits alone cannot turn a poor swimmer to an Olympic medalist, but they can seemingly help take an excellent swimmer into the exceptional bracket, and that is unfair to those who have gone before. The suits won’t change the results, but will make some swimmers seem better than they really were.
It is difficult to argue against progress, but there is something to be said for honest competition between individuals based on their skills and strengths alone, not as a result of superior technology.
Perhaps they could go back to competing nude as they did at the original games. It would make the swimming and track events more interesting but, on the other hand, the weightlifting would be positively terrifying. Maybe that’s not such a good idea after all.
Comments (51)
by Zeev on August 12, 2008
As long an anyone that wants them can use the same equipment they do not provide any real advantage. Saying they cheapen world records would not be very accurate as the same happened in track and field with the introduction of better running shoes. Would you say that Tiger is so good only because he has a better set of clubs? I don’t think Ben Hogan would have a problem with Tiger hitting longer or more accurate then he was ever able to.
by Craig H on August 12, 2008
Good point about track and field, Zeev, and you are right about it not making any difference to the results. But, we'll see a massive amount of world records falling over the next year and I wonder how many would fall without the aid of the suit. Cheers.
by Steve Bott on August 12, 2008
Might as well put six dolphins in the pool and let them battle it out. That's the kind of effect the human swimmers are trying to achieve by wearing these slinky new bodysuits.
by Shannon Brown on August 13, 2008
Give me a break. That's like saying a tennis racket makes a good tennis player. It's like saying bouncing springs in gymnastic floors add to talent. Actually, what you are saying is stupid.
by Craig H on August 13, 2008
Did you even read the article or just react to the headline? I didn't suggest that Phelps won because of the suit. He may even be one of the few swimmers who would have broken the record without the suit, but there are a number of others breaking records because of the benefits of the suit. They don't change the result, but they sure as hell affects the time. Similarly, a good tennis player can hit the ball harder with a new raquet as opposed to an old wooden one and a gymnast can get more height because of a sprung floor.
by Susan L on August 13, 2008
I understand your point that the breaking of world records has been cheapened by the advent of the suit, and in some ways I agree with you. However, this is very simply a case of human innovation and advancement. Just as with everything else (training methods, equipment, etc) we continuously advance through the years. This is a sharper and more noticeable improvement than other advancements, but it is really no different than the evolution we've undergone for hundreds of years. If we were not using every advantage possible, then we'd be diluting our full potential and what is the point of that?
by Shane Yarbrough on August 14, 2008
As a society of humans, it seems that we are supposed to be continually improving in all areas, technology is one of them. I wouldn’t want to go backwards :-)
by Craig H on August 14, 2008
Susan and Shane - you are both absolutely correct, bet where do you draw the line, drugs can also help us improve and reach our full potential, but we reject that as a solution. I believe that anything we do to improve the performance of the athlete is a good thing, but these suits don't improve the athlete - just artificially lower the times. Thanks for taking the time to comment.
by Matt Rogers on August 14, 2008
There was a reason the original olympics use to be done naked, slowly its losing its focus from the atheletes ability to compete and becoming a win at any cost. Imagine breaking a world record and retiring... then the not long after theres a rule change and new equpiment is allowed and your record isnt just broken its eclipsed. Why did these suits have to be allowed at all? At least with track shoes you could argue that they existed in some form originally to protect the feet of the athelete and it was built on from there.
by jon racasa on August 14, 2008
the suits play a factor maybe, but i think it's the pool that's more responsible. it was designed to be a fast pool.
by fasdfs asfsaf on August 14, 2008
The author must be an overweight ex- athlete that always blamed his failures on others
on August 14, 2008 on August 14, 2008
This is simple to fix, ban any kind of body covering apart from trunks. How hard is that?
by Andrew on August 14, 2008
How dare you insult these amazing athletes.
by Kevin Chan on August 14, 2008
Sporting events evolve. Virtually every swimmer wears them in the Olympics, so why doesn't every swimmer smash the world record the way Phelps does? Fact is, Phelps is an amazing athlete, along with everyone that competes in the Olympics. Don't talk as if those Olympics swimmers didn't train their butts off, wear some technologically advanced suit, and allows them to break records. Athletes today train harder to become faster and stronger. Techniques are becoming more refined as time goes on. Look how the game of football, basketball, tennis, or any other sport has changed over the past 50 years.
by nunyo bidness on August 14, 2008
someone tell Kosuke Kitajima of Japan winning against people in full suits and setting records it must be his suit. Oh wait he just wears the long bottoms and no tops. Just watched American Lochte (bottoms only) beat 2 guys in the full suits. The suits may help shave some fractions of times in certain situations. But the people in them are still what wins the races. When Michael Phelps is waxing the field by over a full second many of them in these spiffy suits it certainly isn't just the suit. Plenty of also rans in those suits while people without them are flying past.
by keysor fakename on August 14, 2008
This is a tough problem for a number of reasons. The main being that we as sports fan would love to be able to compare the accomplishments of athletes from different eras. There is nothing quite as compelling as declaring someone the best swimmer/runner/etc... of ALL TIME. This of course runs in opposition with the reality of human competition. That there is simply no way to preserve the exact conditions which two athletes compete in. Even two cyclist on the exact same course minutes apart will deal with different air currents,humidity levels, noise volume. When you add equipment (such as the suits) the problem can become dramatically more severe; and when we try to measure athletes from different eras the problems are multiplied infinitely. Trying to control extremely competitive athletes whose livelihood often depends on their performance from using performance enhancing suits,drugs,etc... is an exercise in futility. The reality is that sports evolve right along with technology and the best we can hope for is a level playing field for today. Until someone invents a time machine Micheal Phelps will never be able to race Mark Spitz in his prime. So while we wait for that we will simply have to accept that each was the best of their own era. World records aren't meant to stand the test of time. Just remember that a world record set in 1982 is still the world record for 1982 even when new ones are set in 2008 it doesn't diminish that fact.
by thank me later on August 14, 2008
I didn't read your article but your "attention grabbing headline" is complete crap. Everyone's wearing the suits and if they're not it doesn't matter anyway - the impact of the suit is minimal and wouldn't make a difference to 99.999999% of the population. Any Olympian who'd complain is a hack swimmer and would be too embarrassed to actually suggest something like a suit is allowing only one athlete to excel. Pathetic attempt to get readers to read your story - just plain pathetic sensationalism. Lame.
by Sav on August 14, 2008
I think this quote sums up my entire feelings on this whole controversy: "I tested it," Markus Rogan of Austria said, according to ESPN. "I threw it in the pool, and it didn't move at all, so I'll still have to swim."
by Nik washere on August 14, 2008
the suits do not make the swimmers faster, they reduce drag. So , back in the 20's and 30's when people had to wear big floppy swimming suits which didn't show the form of the body, there was lots of drag, and records set. So when civilization accepted the speedo, which significantly cut down the amount of material for drag, they must of had the same debate, and all the records were broken, and new ones set. Not to mention, the material of the speedo would become more smooth and produce less drag; I guess that broke the rule for suits as well. And now today, we have a new suit, with less drag, and records again being broke. The article lacks substance by its very decleration of progress, and that this is surely not the first time advancement has produced records. look at speed skating, and what happened when the "clap-skate" was introduced. every record has been broken. and every athlete can use the skate, and before the traditional speed skate, they used regular skates for racing. It's progress, yes. But it takes an athlete to make the nuances of the equipment work. When the put a motor on a swim suit with a little propellar, then I think you may have a worthwhile article... until then...
by Stephen Spera on August 14, 2008
Everyone needs to stop hating on progress. Each day everything gets better and more competitive. Lets appreciate past records because they were earned but at the same time don't downgrade new records because we as a people have made major strides in technology. It is not the athletes fault that they have better equipment. At the same time all of the athletes in the past games had the same equipment, but nobody broke six world records in one year. That is my point!
by Michael L on August 14, 2008
You have to remember that just about the only force that is resisting these swimmers is the drag of the water over their bodies. The force that pushes them forward is their arms and legs pushing on the water. So if you even have a 5 percent difference in drag, its a huge increase in speed. In cycling, most of the drag comes from air friction and much has been done in the way of aerodynamic bicycles to improve that. I think all these changes are legit because every athlete can buy this suit for a few hundred dollars.
by darren Sprengers on August 14, 2008
The author is not saying that the suits win the races. He is saying that what is the point of having things that don't alter the result, just the times. If more to do with today's athletes having an unfair advantage over athletes from yesteryear. What is the validity of comparing Tiger wood with a Big Bertha vs Jack Nicklaus. Bjorn Borg with wooden vs Federer. "Development" is basically someone trying to get an advantage but eventually as its a free economy they all get it. Cue the next development. I think perhaps the most telling thing is in a sport such as boxing. No new training methods in the world, suits, sticky gloves, Is gonna stop you getting your ass kicked by Muhammad Ali.
Thanks Darren, someone who actually read the article and didn't just react to the headline. Cheers.
not the atheletes fault they have better equipment? how about they just dont use it. If theyre that confident that the suit only has a minimal impact and they can beat people without it they should just have the balls to not use it at all.